chapter 13

1.		In a delayed matching-to-sample task, the "delay" is the interval Your Answer: between the sample stimulus and the choices.
		Correct!
2.		When a person is remembering or performing a navigational task, the ________ become(s) active. Your Answer: left hippocampal formation Correct Answer: right hippocampal formation
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3.		Rats are trained in a Morris water maze Your Answer: to test their spatial perception and memory.
		Correct!
4.		When a(n) _____ reinforcing stimulus occurs, neurons in the nucleus accumbens become active. Your Answer: unexpected
		Correct!
5.		The synaptic changes that produce a classically conditioned emotional response occur in the Your Answer: medial forebrain bundle. Correct Answer: nucleus of the lateral amygdala.
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6.		Nondeclarative memories Your Answer: are a form of perceptual memory. Correct Answer: do not require deliberate efforts to memorize something.
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7.		Anterograde amnesia can best be described as Your Answer: a failure to establish new nondeclarative memories. Correct Answer: the loss of relational learning ability.
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8.		If you wished to have the best chance of training an animal to press a lever that delivers brain stimulation, where would you place an electrode? Your Answer: neostriatum Correct Answer: medial forebrain bundle
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9.		A targeted mutation that increased the production of NMDA receptors with a particular subunit ______leading to enhanced long-term potentiation. Your Answer: caused production of slightly larger EPSPs,
		Correct!
10.		When an animal is trained to make a classically conditioned emotional response by pairing a tone and a foot shock, the tone is the Your Answer: CS.
		Correct!
11.		Long-term memories can be modified during a process known as _________. Your Answer: reconsolidation.
		Correct!
12.		The most important input of information to the hippocampal formation comes from the Your Answer: entorhinal cortex.
		Correct!
13.		In order for long-term potentiation to occur Your Answer: the postsynaptic membrane must be depolarized at the same time that the synapses are active.
		Correct!
14.		Lesions of the _______ disrupt instrumental conditioning. Your Answer: basal ganglia
		Correct!
15.		One of the effects of long-term potentiation is a(n) Your Answer: increase in the number of postsynaptic AMPA receptors.
		Correct!
16.		Long-term depression may result from Your Answer: sustained increases in protein synthesis in the cell body. Correct Answer: low-frequency stimulation of the synaptic inputs to a cell.
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17.		The Hebb rule states that a synapse will be strengthened if it repeatedly becomes active _____ the ____ neuron fires. Your Answer: about the same time that: postsynaptic
		Correct!
18.		Instrumental conditioning results from an association between Your Answer: motivation and a reinforcing stimulus. Correct Answer: a conditional and an unconditional stimulus.
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19.		Neurons in field CA1 of the hippocampus are easily damaged when metabolic disturbances set off a series of events that include the Your Answer: entry of calcium into the neurons.
		Correct!
20.		On the last day of testing, rats were switched from one nearly identical chamber to another. While inside the chamber, the firing of hippocampal place cells indicated that _____, but once outside the chamber _____. Your Answer: rats "recognized" they were in a different chamber; the response pattern of only about half the rats made the appropriate change Correct Answer: some rats "thought" they were in the usual chamber; the response pattern changed appropriately as if to correct a mistake
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21.		Confabulation, a symptom of Korsakoff's syndrome, may be caused by damage to the Your Answer: caudate nucleus. Correct Answer: prefrontal cortex.
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22.		Patient H.M. is Your Answer: unable to learn any new information. Correct Answer: aware of his disorder.
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23.		Lesions that damage inferior temporal cortex disrupt the ability Your Answer: to discriminate between different visual stimuli.
		Correct!
24.		Semantic memories Your Answer: involve facts but not the context in which they are learned.
		Correct!
25.		The primary function of perceptual learning is to Your Answer: identify and categorize objects.
26.		The key function of instrumental conditioning is to allow an organism to Your Answer: adjust behavior according to its consequences.
27.		Classical conditioning is considered to be a form of Your Answer: stimulus-response learning.
28.		Repeated electrical stimulation of neurons in the hippocampal formation produces Your Answer: long-term potentiation.
29.		Receptors for ____ are involved in long-term potentiation. Your Answer: glutamate
30.		Which of the following is a unique aspect of the NMDA receptor? Your Answer: The ion channel controlled by the NMDA receptor requires binding of glutamate to the receptor and requires depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.
31.		Evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) plays what role in synaptic strengthening? Your Answer: NO acts to inhibit long-term potentiation. Correct Answer: NO acts as a retrograde messenger causing more release of glutamate from the presynaptic neuron.
32.		Long-term potentiation is associated with the movement of _____ to the ______. Your Answer: AMPA receptors; base of dendritic spines Correct Answer: AMPA receptors; tip of dendritic spines
33.		Simple perceptual learning involves Your Answer: the recognition of particular stimuli or categories of stimuli.
34.		The dorsal stream of visual association cortex continues into the _____ and carries information relating to _____. Your Answer: posterior parietal cortex; object location
35.		The _______ plays a key role in short-term memory for all sensory systems. Your Answer: nucleus accumbens Correct Answer: prefrontal cortex
36.		James Olds and Peter Milner reported that electrical stimulation of rat brain Your Answer: could have reinforcing effects.
37.		Extracellular levels of dopamine, measured using a microdialysis probe, are increased within the nucleus accumbens in an animal after Your Answer: an injection of cocaine or amphetamine. Correct Answer: All of the above are correct.
38.		Damage to the hippocampus in rats would be expected to Your Answer: All of the above are correct. Correct Answer: impair episodic memory.
39.		People with anterograde amnesia Your Answer: show impairment of complex relational learning.