chapter 17

1.		People with panic disorder suffer from anticipatory anxiety, which is Your Answer: the fear that another panic attack will strike.
		Correct!
2.		People suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder Your Answer: recognize that their thought and behaviors are senseless.
		Correct!
3.		If ADHD results from a steeper than normal delay of reinforcement gradient, then for children with ADHD Your Answer: constant reinforcement is the only effective reinforcement. Correct Answer: immediate reinforcement is even more effective than for normal children.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
4.		Children with autistic disorder Your Answer: are usually of normal intelligence and sometimes have advanced isolated skills. Correct Answer: have abnormal language development and usually interpret other people's speech literally.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
5.		Select the incorrect statement about the incidence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Your Answer: In adulthood, men are approximately twice as likely than women to receive a diagnosis of ADHD. Correct Answer: Approximately 50 percent of children with a diagnosis of ADHD have been misdiagnosed.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
6.		The secretion of glucorticoids is controlled by neurons in the _____ and glucocorticoid receptors are ______. Your Answer: hippocampal formation; especially susceptible to the effects of stress Correct Answer: paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus; contained in almost every cell of the body
		Incorrect. Try Again.
7.		Posttraumatic stress disorder may result from high levels of Your Answer: cortisol. Correct Answer: corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH).
		Incorrect. Try Again.
8.		_______, the most common treatment of ADHD, is a ______ and ________. Your Answer: Fluoxetine; serotonin agonist; decreases the reuptake of serotonin Correct Answer: Methylphenidate; dopamine antagonist; blocks dopamine receptors
		Incorrect. Try Again.
9.		An injection of ______ may cause a panic attack in susceptible people. Your Answer: lactic acid
		Correct!
10.		Posttraumatic stress disorder Your Answer: is associated with decreased size of the hippocampal formation, but the decrease may be a precipitating factor rather than a consequence.
		Correct!
11.		Young vervet monkeys near the bottom of the social hierarchy who experienced almost constant stress Your Answer: engaged in more fight-or-flight responses than other young monkeys who were not subjected to stress. Correct Answer: sustained severe damage to the hippocampal formation.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
12.		Cytokines Your Answer: stimulate cell division.
		Correct!
13.		Drugs that are ______ have been used to successfully treat panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Your Answer: serotonin agonists
		Correct!
14.		People whose OCD is being treated with drugs begin to show improvement with a reduction in the activity of the Your Answer: caudate nucleus and orbitofrontal cortex.
		Correct!
15.		The best evidence for a genetic basis of autistic disorder is from studies of twins and siblings and indicates that Your Answer: the concordance rate for dizygotic twins is extremely low.
		Correct!
16.		Long-term stress increases the secretion of _______ which may be responsible for _______. Your Answer: glucocorticoids; the harmful effects of stress
		Correct!
17.		The immune system develops ______ through exposure to _______. Your Answer: antibodies; antigens
		Correct!
18.		Studies concerning the genetic basis of panic disorder have found Your Answer: that over 50 percent of the relatives of a person with panic disorder had a history of anxiety disorders. Correct Answer: a significant genetic factor.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
19.		An explanation for the deficits associated with autistic disorder, proposed by Frith and colleagues, suggests their lack of interest in other people is due Your Answer: to a decreased connectivity between the visual system and other sensory systems leading autistic people to avoid looking at the eyes and mouths of other people. Correct Answer: to an inability to infer and predict the thoughts and feelings of other people from normal social cues due to brain abnormalities.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
20.		Select the correct statement about immunoglobulin, IgA. Your Answer: High levels of IgA are associated with an unhappy mood in the subject. Correct Answer: IgA is secreted in the nose, mouth, throat, and lungs, and it acts as a defense against infection.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
21.		The tics, obsessions, and compulsions that young Frances experienced appear to have been cause by Your Answer: a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection.
		Correct!
22.		Which of theses structural abnormalities has been documented in the brains of people with autistic disorder? Your Answer: incomplete development of the meninges covering the brain Correct Answer: a decrease in the volume of white matter containing long-range axons
		Incorrect. Try Again.
23.		The records of volunteers in a study of the effects of stress on the immune system indicated that Your Answer: people with the strongest peer support had fewer illnesses. Correct Answer: a few days before showing symptoms of an upper respiratory infection, the volunteers experienced more undesirable than desirable events in their lives.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
24.		All effective antiobsessional drugs Your Answer: are specific blockers of the reuptake of 5-HT.
		Correct!
25.		Moniz proposed that intentional damage to the _____ would relieve human _____. Your Answer: temporal lobes; schizophrenia Correct Answer: frontal lobes; anxiety
26.		_______ refer(s) to an intense fear of being in places or situations that would be difficult to escape from. Your Answer: Agoraphobia
27.		Drugs that reduce anxiety Your Answer: act on benzodiazepine receptors located on GABA receptors.
28.		Which of the following is true of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)? Your Answer: Obsessions are thoughts that cannot be ignored.
29.		PET scans of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder have found evidence of increased activity in the Your Answer: orbitofrontal cortex.
30.		The most effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder is Your Answer: psychotherapy combined with anti-anxiety medications. Correct Answer: drug therapy.
31.		Which of the following is true of autistic disorder (AD)? Your Answer: AD includes affective, cognitive, and behavioral abnormalities.
32.		A general finding is that the brains of autistic children exhibit Your Answer: reduced volume of the hippocampus. Correct Answer: a biphasic pattern of early brain growth followed by slowed later growth.
33.		A persistent difficulty in concentrating, remaining still, and working on a task are the key characteristics of Your Answer: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
34.		The most common treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder involves Your Answer: daily administration of methylphenidate.
35.		An environmental situation or stimulus that is perceived as being threatening or aversive is a(n) _____, while a person's reaction is termed _____. Your Answer: stressor; a stress response
36.		______ neurons control the secretion of glucocorticoids. Your Answer: PVN
37.		Long-term exposure to glucocorticoids may affect memory by Your Answer: destroying neurons in the hippocampus.
38.		Hans Selye argued that ill health noted after stress exposure reflects Your Answer: the prolonged secretion of glucocorticoids.
39.		The immune system develops ________ through exposure to ________ . Your Answer: antibodies; antigens