chapter 15

1.		In which kind of seizure is consciousness not lost? Your Answer: simple partial seizure
		Correct!
2.		Children with Tay-Sachs disease Your Answer: are missing a vital enzyme, so their lysosomes cannot remove certain waste products.
		Correct!
3.		The tonic phase of a grand mal seizure begins when Your Answer: motor cortex neurons fire continuously.
		Correct!
4.		The same abnormal microscopic structures develop in the brains of patients with Down's syndrome and Your Answer: Alzheimer's disease.
		Correct!
5.		AIDS dementia appears to be caused by Your Answer: the death of axons and dendrites. Correct Answer: entry of excessive amounts of calcium into neurons.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
6.		The dense core of Lewy bodies found in the brains of people with ______ contain ________. Your Answer: Alzheimer's disease; beta-amyloid Correct Answer: Parkinson's disease; aggregations of misfolded alpha-synuclein
		Incorrect. Try Again.
7.		When normal prion protein began to be destroyed at 12 weeks of age in genetically modified mice, Your Answer: cells in the brain compensated by increasing production of normal prion protein. Correct Answer: the brain degeneration ceased.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
8.		If untreated, inherited metabolic disorders such as pyriodoxine dependency and galactosemia damage Your Answer: the meninges. Correct Answer: cerebral white matter.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
9.		The difference between normal prion protein and infectious prion is Your Answer: normal prion protein is essential for life. Correct Answer: the way the protein is folded.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
10.		Mutations of the presenilin gene _____ of the long form of beta-amyloid. Your Answer: interfere with the production Correct Answer: cause the production
		Incorrect. Try Again.
11.		Down syndrome Your Answer: is an hereditary disorder. Correct Answer: results from an extra 21 chromosome.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
12.		A mass of cells whose growth is uncontrolled and which serves no useful function is a(n) Your Answer: tumor.
		Correct!
13.		Treatment for phenylketonuria (PKU) consists of early diagnosis and Your Answer: life-long supplemental phenylalanine. Correct Answer: a diet low in phenylalanine.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
14.		Benign tumors Your Answer: do not cause brain damage. Correct Answer: have a distinct border.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
15.		Secretases are Your Answer: filaments of tau protein. Correct Answer: enzymes that cut the beta-amyloid precursor molecule in pieces.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
16.		The most common cause of encephalitis is a virus Your Answer: found in bird droppings. Correct Answer: transmitted by mosquitoes.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
17.		Fetal alcohol syndrome results Your Answer: from as little as a single drinking binge.
		Correct!
18.		Multiple sclerosis is more likely to strike Your Answer: people born in later summer and fall. Correct Answer: people whose childhood was spent far from the equator.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
19.		The immediate cause of neuron death following a stroke is the presence of Your Answer: unabsorbed calcium. Correct Answer: excessive amounts of glutamate.
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20.		Caspase is a(n) _______ that plays a role in _______. Your Answer: virus; transmissible spongiform encephalopathy Correct Answer: enzyme; apoptosis.
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21.		Mutation of the parkin gene permits the formation of toxic levels of Your Answer: presenilin. Correct Answer: alpha-synuclein.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
22.		Hemorrhagic strokes cause brain damage by Your Answer: exerting pressure on surrounding tissue.
		Correct!
23.		Fetal tissue transplants into the brains of Parkinson patients are an attempt to Your Answer: increase the sensitivity of remaining dopamine receptors. Correct Answer: reestablish the secretion of dopamine in the neostriatum.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
24.		Rabies vaccine is only effective if Your Answer: injected through the abdominal wall. Correct Answer: administered during the incubation period.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
25.		Malignant tumors are deadly because these tumors Your Answer: All of the above are correct.
26.		Brain seizures that result in convulsion must involve the Your Answer: motor system.
27.		The most common form of seizure disorder noted in children is Your Answer: a spell of absence.
28.		An alcoholic who abruptly stops drinking may experience a seizure because Your Answer: of a sudden release from the excitatory effects of the drug. Correct Answer: this abrupt withdrawal results in overly activated NMDA receptors.
29.		Obstructive strokes are caused by Your Answer: malformed blood vessels. Correct Answer: thrombi or emboli that block blood vessels in the brain.
30.		______ represent(s) a therapy for stroke that does not cause excitotoxic injury when infused into brain. Your Answer: Drugs that activate NMDA receptors Correct Answer: The anticoagulant desmoteplase
31.		______ is a key risk factor for stroke. Your Answer: Cigarette smoking Correct Answer: All of the above are correct.
32.		A key primary symptom or sign of fetal alcohol syndrome is Your Answer: the presence of stuttering. Correct Answer: abnormal facial development.
33.		Which of the following is true of Tay-Sachs disease? Your Answer: The symptoms of Tay-Sachs disease begin to show at four months of age. Correct Answer: All of the above are correct.
34.		The cause of Down syndrome involves Your Answer: abnormal cell division of an egg from the mother.
35.		The disease known as ______ is associated with the consumption of tainted human flesh. Your Answer: kuru
36.		The cause of Parkinson's disease has been traced to Your Answer: degeneration of dopamine neurons within the nigrostriatal system.
37.		The appearance of Parkinson's disease in a person who has NO family history of that disorder would be classified as a ______ case. Your Answer: congenital Correct Answer: sporadic
38.		The primary cognitive deficit associated with Alzheimer's disease involves Your Answer: development of swelling of the meninges of the brain. Correct Answer: a type of anterograde amnesia similar to that of Korsakoff's syndrome.

chapter 11 emotion

1.		An emotional response consists of three components: Your Answer: behavioral, autonomic, and hormonal.
		Correct!
2.		Select the incorrect statement about aggression and testosterone levels in men. Your Answer: Correlation does not prove causation. Correct Answer: Testosterone levels are genetically determined, and are not modified by environmental factors.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
3.		Which brain region may be involved in the muscular movements that produce laughter? Your Answer: right ventromedial prefrontal cortex Correct Answer: anterior cingulated cortex
		Incorrect. Try Again.
4.		Research indicates neural changes leading to a conditioned emotional response take place in the ____ and that inhibition of the conditioned response takes place in the _______. Your Answer: lateral nucleus of the amygdale; medial prefrontal cortex
		Correct!
5.		Accurate identification of the facial expressions of Westerners by members of an isolated New Guinea tribe tends to confirm Darwin's hypothesis that emotional expressions Your Answer: are innate, unlearned responses.
		Correct!
6.		The case of S.P., a woman with bilateral amygdale damage, suggests that the amygdala Your Answer: is not involved in the recognition of facial expression of emotion.
		Correct!
7.		According to the James-Lange theory, emotional feelings Your Answer: are a product of both sensory feedback and acquired social behavior. Correct Answer: result from sensory feedback from the responses a person makes in emotion-producing situations.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
8.		Alcohol increases intermale aggression among Your Answer: all male squirrel monkeys. Correct Answer: dominant male squirrel monkeys but only during the mating season.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
9.		Antidepressant drugs that act as serotonin _______ irritability and aggressiveness. Your Answer: antagonists increase Correct Answer: agonists decrease
		Incorrect. Try Again.
10.		The James-Lange theory is difficult to verify experimentally because Your Answer: it attempts to explain private events.
		Correct!
11.		In monkeys, where are the neurons involved in recognition of the direction of another monkey's gaze found? Your Answer: superior temporal sulcus
		Correct!
12.		The ______ receives information from the _____ system permitting it to recognize the facial expression of ______. Your Answer: amygdale; magnocellular; fear
		Correct!
13.		A person with _____ cannot make an emotional expression when asked to do so, but can express a genuine emotion. Your Answer: volitional facial paresis
		Correct!
14.		What may be the function of the prefrontal cortex? Your Answer: to transmit information on emotional states and the consequences of actions to other brain regions
		Correct!
15.		Cutting the vomeronasal nerve in male mice ______ intermale aggression. Your Answer: decreases Correct Answer: abolishes
		Incorrect. Try Again.
16.		Females of some primate species are more likely to engage in fights Your Answer: around the time of ovulation and just before menstruation.
		Correct!
17.		Research results using the chimerical faces technique suggest that the ______ half of the ______ is _______ expressive. Your Answer: left; face; more
		Correct!
18.		The results of research on patients with spinal cord injuries suggests that the intensity of their emotional states is related to the Your Answer: length of time following injury. Correct Answer: location of injury to the spinal cord.
		Incorrect. Try Again.
19.		People who have sustained damage to the ventral prefrontal cortex Your Answer: respond appropriately to hypothetical social situations, but not when these situations apply to them.
		Correct!
20.		The mirror-neuron system may be involved in our ability Your Answer: to empathize with the emotions of other people.
		Correct!
21.		The ______ hemisphere plays a more important role in comprehension of emotion from ______. Your Answer: right; word meaning Correct Answer: right; facial expression
		Incorrect. Try Again.
22.		In a free-ranging colony, monkeys with the lowest levels of metabolite of serotonin Your Answer: showed increased risk-taking behavior.
		Correct!
23.		Subjects with ventromedial prefrontal lesions continued to draw cards from a "bad" deck because their lesions may have Your Answer: prevented emotional warnings from changing their playing strategy.
		Correct!
24.		Classical conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus is regularly ________ by a stimulus that _______ evokes a response. Your Answer: preceded; consistently Correct Answer: followed; automatically
		Incorrect. Try Again.
25.		An example of a behavioral component of an emotion would be Your Answer: a military guard who cocks his weapon and yells "halt!" as a car approaches his station.
26.		The _______ is most important for the expression of emotional responses provoked by aversive stimuli. Your Answer: central nucleus of the amygdala
27.		The _______ plays an important role in the freezing (behavioral arrest) response noted during fear. Your Answer: periaqueductal gray
28.		In experiments by LeDoux on classically conditioned emotional responses, the unconditional emotional response is elicited by Your Answer: a 800-Hz tone. Correct Answer: brief electric food shock.
29.		PET imaging studies suggest that recall of _____ is related to ______. Your Answer: emotionally charged memories; activation of the right amygdala
30.		Match up the aggressive behavior below with the stimulus or situation that elicits that type. Your Answer: threat behaviors; defending the nest
31.		Phineas Gage exhibited capricious, emotional behavior (in part) following accidental damage to his Your Answer: orbitofrontal cortex.
32.		Which of the following research outcomes support the notion that serotonin activity is related to emotion? Your Answer: People who carry at least one short allele of the serotonin transporter are less likely to develop emotional problems such as depression. Correct Answer: People who carry at least one short allele of the serotonin transporter are more likely to develop emotional problems such as anxiety disorder.
33.		In adult male rodents, castration reduces aggressiveness and injections of testosterone reinstate aggression. These effects represent a(n) Your Answer: activational effect.
34.		Aggression between female rodents is facilitated by administration of Your Answer: testosterone.
35.		Which of the following is true of the facial expression of emotion? Your Answer: Facial expressions of emotion are the same in blind children as in sighted children.
36.		PET studies indicate that the comprehension of emotion from tone of voice increased the activity of the Your Answer: left hemisphere. Correct Answer: right frontal cortex.
37.		People with volitional facial paresis are unable to Your Answer: voluntarily move their facial muscles.
38.		Which statement best illustrates the James-Lange theory of emotion? Your Answer: A fit of laughter leads to increased happiness.
39.		The results of research by Hohmann (1966) on patients with spinal cord injuries suggest that the intensity of their emotional states is related to Your Answer: the level of injury to the spinal cord.